Article

유교와 도교에 있어서 수행과 그 전통

양은용 1 ,
Eun-Yong Yang 1 ,
Author Information & Copyright
1한국, 원광대학교
Corresponding Author : Yang, Eun-Yong

ⓒ Copyright 2004, The Daesoon Academy of Sciences. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Published Online: Jun 30, 2004

Abstract

The third teachings of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism have been coexisted and had effect on the oriental spirits for long times. The doctrines of the Confucianism, the Buddhism, and the Taoism are represented as ‘moral culture’, ‘practice’, and “training” respectively. The practices of three teachings had individual ways. But in the late Han-dynasty, they had coexisted and effects on one another, then finally had been united since the Song-dynasty.

The Confucianism, which advocated “xiū-jǐ-zhì-rén(修己治人: Practising oneself and controlling others)” and “nèi-shèng-wài-wáng(內聖外王: Establishing natural law in oneself and presenting it to others)”, put an emphasis on the practice for personality by “Kŏgzĭ(孔子)” and “Mèngzĭ(孟子)”. For example, the practices of “Yăng qi(養氣)”, “Jìn Xīn(盡心)”, and “Cún Xīn(存心)” reflect this doctrines. In the Song-dynasty, “Zhū-xī(朱熹)” established the ‘New Confucianism’, the study of “Jū-Jìng-qióng-lĭ”, which put an equality with “human nature” and natural law. It is so-called as “Seong-li-hark” in Korea. Therefore, it came to life again by emphasizing ‘jīng-shì: Ruling the world’ and “moral culture”.

The Taoism, which pursued “yán-mìng-cháng-shòu(延命長壽: Maintenance of a Scanty existence long life)” and “dào-tōng-shén-xian”(道通神仙: Spiritual awakening Shén-Xian), originally put an emphasis on the practice of body and mind. For example, “Lăozi(老子)” and “Zhuāngzĭ(莊子)” suggested “bāoyī(包一)”, “Shŏuyī(守一)”, and “Zuòwàng(坐忘)”. After the religious body of the Taoism had been established, “Gè-hóng(葛洪)” accomplished the “Nèidān(內丹)” and “Wàidān(外丹)” as practice methods. As times went over, the “Nèidān(內丹)” of “Yăng-Shēng-Wŭ-Dà-Yāo(養生五大要)” including “bì-gŭ(辟穀)”, “fú-qì(服氣)”, “dăo-yĭn(導引)”, “fáng-zhōng(房中)”, and “fú-ěr(服餌)”, has been the mainstreams for practice.

Since the Song dynasty, “sān-jiào-hé-yī-sī-xiǎng(三敎合一思想: Three Teachings are the each other same thoughts)” had been put on emphasis and the three teachings were effected one another, and all of them attached importance to practical training. Therefore, the practice ways in civil societies have been mixed, the origins of them are difficult to divide definitely. The Korean society also has the vague origins of them and reflects the theses historic traditions.

Keywords: 유불도삼교; 삼교합일사상; 수양; 수련; 수행; 양생오대요; 거경궁리학
Keywords: The third Teachings of Confucianism; Buddhism; Taoism; Three Teachings are the each other same thoughts; moral culture; training; practice; Yăng-Shēng-Wŭ-Dà-Yāo; Jū-Jìng-qióng-lĭ

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